Skin Cancer

Skin cancer refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, most commonly caused by cumulative ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. There are different types of skin cancer, which vary in behaviour, severity, and treatment approach.

When skin cancer is identified early, treatment is often simpler and may be associated with:

• Smaller scars

• Less invasive procedures

• Lower risk of spread (metastasis) or recurrence

Delayed diagnosis can allow skin cancers to grow larger, become more aggressive, or, in some cases, spread beyond the skin.

Risk factors may include:

• Personal or family history of skin cancer

• High lifetime sun exposure, particularly repeated or severe sunburns

• Outdoor work or recreational activities

• Solarium (tanning bed) use

• Fair skin type

• Use of immunosuppressive medications

• Reduced immune function, including after organ transplantation or with certain blood (haematological) conditions

These factors help guide assessment, surveillance, and management

Skin cancer may present as:

• A new or changing lesion

• A sore that does not heal

• A scaly, crusted, or bleeding spot

• A mole that changes in size, shape, or colour

• A lesion that looks different from surrounding skin

Presentation can vary depending on the type of skin cancer.

Assessment involves a careful skin examination, often supported by dermoscopy, to identify features suggestive of skin cancer. History, lesion behaviour, and risk factors are also considered.

For individuals at higher risk, ongoing skin surveillance may be recommended.

Management depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the skin cancer. Treatment options may include:

• Surgical treatments, which are often definitive

• Medical (non-surgical) therapies in selected cases

• Radiation therapy, where appropriate, depending on tumour type and severity

Treatment is individualised, with the aim of achieving effective cancer control while minimising functional and cosmetic impact.

Following treatment, ongoing care may include:

• Regular skin checks

• Monitoring for recurrence or new skin cancers

• Ongoing sun protection strategies

Long-term surveillance is an important component of care, particularly for individuals at increased risk.

Dermatologists are trained to identify and manage skin cancer, including early or subtle presentations. Specialist review supports accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and coordinated long-term care.

At Ready Dermatology, North Shore Health Hub, St Leonards, our dermatologist assesses skin lesions, provides skin cancer diagnosis and management, and advises on prevention and surveillance strategies tailored to individual risk.