Acne in Children and Teenagers

Acne develops due to a combination of factors, which may include:

• Increased oil (sebum) production

• Blockage of hair follicles

• Skin inflammation

• Hormonal influences

• Genetic predisposition

Not all contributing factors are present in every individual.

Acne most commonly begins during adolescence, when hormonal changes increase oil production in the skin.

Acne can also occur in newborns and infants, where it is usually temporary. Acne appearing after infancy but before puberty is uncommon and may require further assessment to ensure it is consistent with normal development.

Medical review may be helpful if acne:

• Occurs well before puberty

• Is moderate to severe

• Is persistent or worsening

• Is causing scarring or pigment changes

• Is affecting confidence or wellbeing

• Has not responded to initial treatment

Early assessment can help guide appropriate management and reduce the risk of long-term skin changes.

Assessment involves a clinical examination and consideration of factors such as age of onset, pattern and severity of acne, skin type, previous treatments, and relevant medical or developmental factors.

In selected cases, further investigation may be recommended, particularly when acne presents outside the expected age range.

Acne management is not one-size-fits-all. Treatment is individualised based on age, severity, skin type, and overall health.

Management may include:

• Age-appropriate topical treatments

• Oral medications in selected cases

• Hormonal treatments where appropriate

• Skincare and lifestyle adjustments

• Monitoring and adjustment over time

In children and adolescents, particular care is taken to select treatments appropriate for growth and development. Some acne medications are not suitable at certain ages, and others require careful consideration due to potential effects on developing teeth, bones, or other systems.

Certain acne treatments may also interact with one another, making medication selection and sequencing an important part of management.

In Australia, some acne medications can only be prescribed by a dermatologist and require specialist assessment and monitoring.

Skincare is a key component of acne management and includes guidance on:

• Gentle cleansing routines

• Use of non-comedogenic products

• Avoidance of irritants that may worsen acne

• Appropriate moisturisers and sunscreens

Skincare recommendations are tailored to age, skin type, and the overall treatment plan.

Dermatologists are medical specialists trained in the diagnosis and management of skin conditions across all age groups. A dermatologist can assess whether acne follows common patterns or whether further evaluation is appropriate, particularly in cases that are early-onset, persistent, severe, or associated with scarring.

Specialist assessment also allows careful consideration of medication safety, potential interactions, and appropriate follow-up. In Australia, some acne medications can only be prescribed by a dermatologist and require specialist assessment and monitoring.

At Ready Dermatology, North Shore Health Hub, St Leonards, our dermatologist provides assessment and management of acne in accordance with Australian clinical and prescribing guidelines. Care is tailored to each individual, taking into account age, development, severity of acne, and overall wellbeing.